Indigenous Origins
Lacrosse originated as a sacred sport played by First Nations people for spiritual, ceremonial, and diplomatic purposes. Known as Baggataway or Tewaarathon, the game was a gift from the Creator and played across North America by various Indigenous nations. It held deep cultural meaning—played to honour elders, heal communities, and even settle disputes, often involving hundreds of players over vast distances.
European Encounter & Adoption
French settlers observed Indigenous lacrosse and named it “la crosse” for its resemblance to a bishop’s staff. The game quickly fascinated the public. By the 1840s, games between Mohawk players and townspeople became popular, and settlers began introducing formal rules while retaining much of the original spirit. Lacrosse became one of the first cultural bridges between Indigenous and settler communities.
National Recognition & Growth
Lacrosse was declared Canada’s National Game in 1859. Spearheaded by Dr. George Beers, a structured sport system emerged. The Montreal Lacrosse Club formed the National Lacrosse Association in 1867—the first national sport governing body in North America. Competitive clubs multiplied across Canada, and large crowds gathered to watch matches. Lacrosse became a true national pastime and a source of Canadian identity.
Era of Innovation & Professionalism
Lacrosse expanded coast to coast, with professional leagues, electric-lit games, and international exposure—including the 1904 and 1908 Olympics. However, tensions between amateurism and professionalism began to divide the sport. By the 1920s, lacrosse was still popular but faced challenges from other emerging sports like hockey and baseball.
The Rise of Box Lacrosse
To revive interest, Box Lacrosse was introduced—fast-paced, high-action, and played in hockey rinks. It quickly became the dominant form in Canada. Internationally, Field Lacrosse remained strong, especially in the U.S. and U.K. Canada returned to international prominence in 1978 by defeating the U.S. in the World Championships, revitalizing field lacrosse interest domestically.
Modern Legacy & National Status
In 1994, the National Sport Act officially recognized Lacrosse as Canada’s National Summer Sport. Today, the game continues to thrive in communities across the country, with players of all ages participating in Box, Men’s Field, and Women’s Field Lacrosse. The sport remains a powerful symbol of Indigenous heritage, cultural connection, and national pride—bridging Canada’s past with its present and future through sport.
